terça-feira, 31 de agosto de 2010
quarta-feira, 25 de agosto de 2010
CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE BIODIESEL
7° Congresso Brasileiro de Plantas Oleaginosas, Óleos, Gorduras e Biodiesel
05 a 08 de outubro de 2010, Expominas - Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais - Brasil
Saiba mais: http://oleo.ufla.br/
quarta-feira, 11 de agosto de 2010
REVIEW DA SEMANA
Ethanol production from xylose in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains: current state and perspectives.
Matsushika A, Inoue H, Kodaki T, Sawayama S.
Abstract
Bioethanol production from xylose is important for utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as raw materials. The research on yeast conversion of xylose to ethanol has been intensively studied especially for genetically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the last 20 years. S. cerevisiae, which is a very safe microorganism that plays a traditional and major role in industrial bioethanol production, has several advantages due to its high ethanol productivity, as well as its high ethanol and inhibitor tolerance. However, this yeast cannot ferment xylose, which is the dominant pentose sugar in hydrolysates of lignocellulosic biomass. A number of different strategies have been applied to engineer yeasts capable of efficiently producing ethanol from xylose, including the introduction of initial xylose metabolism and xylose transport, changing the intracellular redox balance, and overexpression of xylulokinase and pentose phosphate pathways. In this review, recent progress with regard to these studies is discussed, focusing particularly on xylose-fermenting strains of S. cerevisiae. Recent studies using several promising approaches such as host strain selection and adaptation to obtain further improved xylose-utilizing S. cerevisiae are also addressed.
link: http://www.springerlink.com/content/fwr5871108l538k8/fulltext.pdf
Matsushika A, Inoue H, Kodaki T, Sawayama S.
Abstract
Bioethanol production from xylose is important for utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as raw materials. The research on yeast conversion of xylose to ethanol has been intensively studied especially for genetically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the last 20 years. S. cerevisiae, which is a very safe microorganism that plays a traditional and major role in industrial bioethanol production, has several advantages due to its high ethanol productivity, as well as its high ethanol and inhibitor tolerance. However, this yeast cannot ferment xylose, which is the dominant pentose sugar in hydrolysates of lignocellulosic biomass. A number of different strategies have been applied to engineer yeasts capable of efficiently producing ethanol from xylose, including the introduction of initial xylose metabolism and xylose transport, changing the intracellular redox balance, and overexpression of xylulokinase and pentose phosphate pathways. In this review, recent progress with regard to these studies is discussed, focusing particularly on xylose-fermenting strains of S. cerevisiae. Recent studies using several promising approaches such as host strain selection and adaptation to obtain further improved xylose-utilizing S. cerevisiae are also addressed.
link: http://www.springerlink.com/content/fwr5871108l538k8/fulltext.pdf
ARTIGO DA SEMANA
Plant immunity: towards an integrated view of plant-pathogen interactions.
Dodds PN, Rathjen JP.
Abstract
Plants are engaged in a continuous co-evolutionary struggle for dominance with their pathogens. The outcomes of these interactions are of particular importance to human activities, as they can have dramatic effects on agricultural systems. The recent convergence of molecular studies of plant immunity and pathogen infection strategies is revealing an integrated picture of the plant-pathogen interaction from the perspective of both organisms. Plants have an amazing capacity to recognize pathogens through strategies involving both conserved and variable pathogen elicitors, and pathogens manipulate the defence response through secretion of virulence effector molecules. These insights suggest novel biotechnological approaches to crop protection.
link: http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v11/n8/abs/nrg2812.html
Dodds PN, Rathjen JP.
Abstract
Plants are engaged in a continuous co-evolutionary struggle for dominance with their pathogens. The outcomes of these interactions are of particular importance to human activities, as they can have dramatic effects on agricultural systems. The recent convergence of molecular studies of plant immunity and pathogen infection strategies is revealing an integrated picture of the plant-pathogen interaction from the perspective of both organisms. Plants have an amazing capacity to recognize pathogens through strategies involving both conserved and variable pathogen elicitors, and pathogens manipulate the defence response through secretion of virulence effector molecules. These insights suggest novel biotechnological approaches to crop protection.
link: http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v11/n8/abs/nrg2812.html
quarta-feira, 28 de julho de 2010
Metagenômica
Achievements and new knowledge unraveled by metagenomic approaches
Carola Simon1 and Rolf Daniel
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2009 November; 85(2): 265–276.
Metagenomics has paved the way for cultivation-independent assessment and exploitation of microbial communities present in complex ecosystems. In recent years, significant progress has been made in this research area. A major breakthrough was the improvement and development of high-throughput next-generation sequencing technologies. The application of these technologies resulted in the generation of large datasets derived from various environments such as soil and ocean water. The analyses of these datasets opened a window into the enormous phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of microbial communities living in a variety of ecosystems. In this way, structure, functions, and interactions of microbial communities were elucidated. Metagenomics has proven to be a powerful tool for the recovery of novel biomolecules. In most cases, functional metagenomics comprising construction and screening of complex metagenomic DNA libraries has been applied to isolate new enzymes and drugs of industrial importance. For this purpose, several novel and improved screening strategies that allow efficient screening of large collections of clones harboring metagenomes have been introduced.
link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2773367/pdf/253_2009_Article_2233.pdf
Carola Simon1 and Rolf Daniel
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2009 November; 85(2): 265–276.
Metagenomics has paved the way for cultivation-independent assessment and exploitation of microbial communities present in complex ecosystems. In recent years, significant progress has been made in this research area. A major breakthrough was the improvement and development of high-throughput next-generation sequencing technologies. The application of these technologies resulted in the generation of large datasets derived from various environments such as soil and ocean water. The analyses of these datasets opened a window into the enormous phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of microbial communities living in a variety of ecosystems. In this way, structure, functions, and interactions of microbial communities were elucidated. Metagenomics has proven to be a powerful tool for the recovery of novel biomolecules. In most cases, functional metagenomics comprising construction and screening of complex metagenomic DNA libraries has been applied to isolate new enzymes and drugs of industrial importance. For this purpose, several novel and improved screening strategies that allow efficient screening of large collections of clones harboring metagenomes have been introduced.
link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2773367/pdf/253_2009_Article_2233.pdf
II WORKSHOP - Biotecnologia de Células Animais
O Workshop de Biotecnologia de Células Animais iniciou-se em 2009 com o intuito de expandir e/ou promover o conhecimento sobre a metodologia de se cultivar células animais para fins biotecnológicos, compreendendo desde estudos de desenvolvimento e caracterização celular ao desenvolvimento de biofármacos em potencial através de biorreatores.
O evento é organizado e realizado pelo Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS) em colaboração com o Programa de Pós-Graduação de Biologia Celular e Molecular do campus da Unesp de Rio Claro. Visa promover a integração entre estudantes, professores e profissionais da área, contando também com a participação de empresas do ramo que possam contribuir com técnicas inovadoras. O evento busca incentivar a discussão de temas relacionados com o cultivo de células animais de forma multidisciplinar, assim como contribuir com a formação dos estudantes, proporcionando, inclusive, oportunidades para futuros direcionamentos profissionais.Link: http://www.workshopbiotecnologia.xpg.com.br/
quinta-feira, 15 de julho de 2010
Biorremediação
Industrial dye degradation and detoxification by basidiomycetes belonging to different eco-physiological groups
Anastasi A, Prigione V, Varese GC.
J Hazard Mater. 2010 May 15;177(1-3):260-7. Epub 2009 Dec 16.
Abstract
Twenty-five basidiomycetes belonging to 17 species and ascribable to different eco-physiological groups were screened for their ability to decolorize 9 commercially important industrial dyes comprising a variety of anthraquinonic, azoic and phtalocyanin chromophores. The influence of the culture medium, particularly its C:N ratio, on decolourisation capacity was considered on solid substrate. Three strains of Bjerkandera adusta performed the highest decolourisation yields being able to degrade all dyes on all media and to produce a wide spectrum of oxidative enzyme activities. Hence, B. adusta strains were selected for further experiments in liquid cultures together with other 6 fungi that resulted effective in the decolourisation of the largest number of molecules in the broadest spectrum of cultural conditions. Particularly B. adusta MUT 3060 was found very effective (decolourisation percentage over 90%) in the treatment of simulated effluents composed of single and mixed dyes at high concentration (1000 mg/l). Peroxidase activity dependent (up to 362 U/l) and independent from manganese (up to 57 U/l) were detected during the decolourisation process. The Lemna minor toxicity test showed a significant reduction of toxicity after the fungal treatment indicating that decolourisation corresponded to an actual detoxification of the wastewater. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TGF-4XY4K4B-1&_user=685742&_coverDate=05%2F15%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000036939&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=685742&md5=94e6b5ac1f49505e24c2b07e6153f535
Anastasi A, Prigione V, Varese GC.
J Hazard Mater. 2010 May 15;177(1-3):260-7. Epub 2009 Dec 16.
Abstract
Twenty-five basidiomycetes belonging to 17 species and ascribable to different eco-physiological groups were screened for their ability to decolorize 9 commercially important industrial dyes comprising a variety of anthraquinonic, azoic and phtalocyanin chromophores. The influence of the culture medium, particularly its C:N ratio, on decolourisation capacity was considered on solid substrate. Three strains of Bjerkandera adusta performed the highest decolourisation yields being able to degrade all dyes on all media and to produce a wide spectrum of oxidative enzyme activities. Hence, B. adusta strains were selected for further experiments in liquid cultures together with other 6 fungi that resulted effective in the decolourisation of the largest number of molecules in the broadest spectrum of cultural conditions. Particularly B. adusta MUT 3060 was found very effective (decolourisation percentage over 90%) in the treatment of simulated effluents composed of single and mixed dyes at high concentration (1000 mg/l). Peroxidase activity dependent (up to 362 U/l) and independent from manganese (up to 57 U/l) were detected during the decolourisation process. The Lemna minor toxicity test showed a significant reduction of toxicity after the fungal treatment indicating that decolourisation corresponded to an actual detoxification of the wastewater. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TGF-4XY4K4B-1&_user=685742&_coverDate=05%2F15%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000036939&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=685742&md5=94e6b5ac1f49505e24c2b07e6153f535
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